Not to be used in women who are about to deliver as magnesium crosses the placenta and is excreted in small amounts in breast milk. Also not to be used in those individuals with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, symptoms of appendicitis or myocardial damage, heart block, fecal impaction, rectal fissures, intestinal obstruction or perforation or renal disease. Not to be used in individuals with any form of kidney disease or renal failure, a magnesium restricted diet or with any sudden changes in bowel movement lasting over two weeks. Magnesium hydroxide poisoning can result in hypermagnesemia which includes symptoms of: nausea, vomiting, flushing, thirst, hypotension, drowsiness, confusion, loss of tendon reflexes, muscle weakness, respiratory depression, cardiac arrhythmias, coma and cardiac arrest. In overdose, symptoms of gastrointestinal irritation and/or watery diarrhea may occur. Magnesium hydroxide will also release cholecystokinin (CKK) in the intestines which will accumulate water and electrolytes in the lumen and furthermore increase intestinal motility.Ĭommon side effects include drowsiness or flushing (warmth, redness or tingly feeling).ĭaily use of magnesium hydroxide can result in fluid and electrolyte disturbances.Įxcessive use of the laxative effects of magnesium hydroxide may result in abdominal cramping, nausea and/or diarrhea. These effects still stimulate intestinal motility and induce the urge to defecate. With this increase of water in the intestines, the feces will soften and the intraluminal volume of the feces will increase. The majority of the suspension is not absorbed in the intestinal tract and will create an osmotic effect to draw water into the gut from surrounding tissues. Through the ingestion of 2-5 grams (in adults) the magnesium hydroxide acts as a laxative in the colon. This neutralization reaction will result in the formation of magnesium chloride and water. The hydroxide ions from the magnesium hydroxide suspension will combine with the acidic H+ ions of the hydrochloric acid made by the stomachs parietal cells. Through the ingestion of 0.5-1.5 grams (in adults) the magnesium hydroxide will act by simple acid neutralization in the stomach. According to the amount ingested, the magnesium hydroxide will either act as an antacid or a laxative. The suspension of magnesium hydroxide is ingested and enters the stomach. This creates distension of the colon which results in an increase in peristaltic movement and bowel evacuation. Magnesium hydroxide enhances the integrity of the mucosal barrier of the stomach as well as improving the tone of both the gastric and esophageal sphincters.Īs a laxative, the magnesium hydroxide works by increasing the osmotic effect in the intestinal tract and drawing water in. There, it decreases the direct acid irritant effect and increases the pH in the stomach leading to inactivation of pepsin. It is practically insoluble in water and does not have any effect until it reacts with the hydrochloric acid in the stomach. It also reduces stomach acid by reacting with hydrochloric acid to form Mg chloride.Īs an antacid, magnesium hydroxide suspension neutralizes gastric acid by reacting with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to form magnesium chloride and water. Magnesium hydroxide increases peristaltic activity causing osmotic retention of fluids, thus resulting in bowel evacuation.
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